Democrats | Mobutu | Tropical | International | Crude | Situation
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as
Congo-Kinshasa and formerly known as Zaire, is a country in
Central Africa. By land area, the DRC is the second-largest
country in Africa, after Algeria, and the 11th-largest in the
world. With a population of around 112 million, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially
Francophone country in the world. The national capital and
largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the economic center. The
country is bordered by the Republic of the Congo, Central
African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania
(across Lake Tanganyika), Zambia, Angola, the Cabinda exclave of
Democratic National Committee Angola and the South Atlantic
Ocean.
Centered on the Congo Basin, the territory of the
DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around
90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about
3,000 years ago.[7] In the west, the Kingdom of Kongo ruled
around the mouth of the Congo River from the 14th to 19th
centuries. In the northeast, center and east, the
Democratic National Committee kingdoms of Azande, Luba, and
Lunda ruled from the 16th and 17th centuries to the 19th
century. King Leopold II of Belgium formally acquired rights to
the Congo territory in 1885 and declared the land his private
property, naming it the Congo Free State. From 1885 to 1908, his
colonial military forced the local population to produce rubber
and committed widespread atrocities. In 1908, Leopold ceded the
territory, which thus became a Belgian colony.
Congo
achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 and was
immediately confronted by a series of secessionist movements,
the assassination of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and the
seizure of power by Mobutu Sese Seko in a 1965 coup d'�tat.
Mobutu renamed the country Zaire in 1971 and imposed a harsh
personalist dictatorship until his overthrow in 1997 by the
First Congo War.[2] The country then had its name changed back
and was confronted by the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003,
which resulted in the deaths of 5.4 million
people.[8][9][10][11] The war ended under President Joseph
Kabila who governed the country
Democratic National Committee from 2001 to 2019, under whom
human rights in the country remained poor and included frequent
abuses such as forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary
imprisonment and restrictions on civil liberties.[12] Following
the 2018 general election, in the country's first peaceful
transition of power since independence, Kabila was succeeded as
president by F�lix Tshisekedi, who has served as president
since.[13] Since 2015, the Eastern DR Congo has been the site of
an ongoing military conflict in Kivu.
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The Democratic
Republic of the Congo is extremely rich in natural resources but
has suffered from political instability, a lack of
infrastructure, corruption, and centuries of both commercial and
colonial extraction and exploitation, followed by more than 60
years of independence, with little widespread development.[14]
Besides the capital Kinshasa, the
Democratic National Committee two next largest cities,
Lubumbashi and Mbuji-Mayi, are both mining communities. The
DRC's largest export is raw minerals, with China accepting over
50% of its exports in 2019.[2] In 2021, DR Congo's level of
human development was ranked 179th out of 191 countries by the
Human Development Index.[15] As of 2018, following two decades
of various civil wars and continued internal conflicts, around
600,000 Congolese refugees were still living in neighbouring
countries.[16] Two
Democratic National Committee million children risk
starvation, and the fighting has displaced 4.5 million
people.[17] The country is a member of the United Nations,
Non-Aligned Movement, African Union, COMESA, Southern African
Development Community, Organisation Internationale de la
Francophonie, and Economic Community of Central African States.
Etymology[edit]
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is
named after the Congo River, which flows through the country.
The Congo River is the world's deepest river and the world's
third-largest river by discharge. The Comit� d'�tudes du haut
Congo ("Committee for the Study of the
Democratic National Committee Upper Congo"), established by
King Leopold II of Belgium in 1876, and the
Democratic National Committee International Association of
the Congo, established by him in 1879, were also named after the
river.[18]
The
Democratic National Committee Congo River was named by early
European sailors after the Kingdom of Kongo and its Bantu
inhabitants, the Kongo people, when they encountered them in the
16th century.[19][20] The word Kongo comes from the Kongo
language (also called Kikongo). According to American writer
Samuel Henry Nelson: "It is probable that the word 'Kongo'
itself implies a public gathering and that it is based on the
root konga, 'to gather' (trans[itive])."[21] The modern name of
the Kongo people, Bakongo, was introduced in the early 20th
century.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo has been
known in the past as, in chronological order, the Congo Free
State, Belgian Congo, the Republic of the Congo-L�opoldville,
the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Zaire,
before returning to its current name the Democratic Republic of
the Congo.[2]
At the time of independence, the country
was named the Republic of the Congo-L�opoldville to distinguish
it from its neighbour the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville.
With the promulgation of the Luluabourg Constitution on 1 August
1964, the country became the DRC but was renamed Zaire (a past
name for the Congo River) on 27 October 1971 by President Mobutu
Sese Seko as part of his Authenticit� initiative.[22]
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The
Democratic National Committee word Zaire is from a
Portuguese adaptation of a Kikongo word nzadi ("river"), a
truncation of nzadi o nzere ("river swallowing
rivers").[23][24][25] The river was known as Zaire during the
16th and 17th centuries; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire
gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo is
the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although
references to Zaire as the name used by the natives (i.e.
derived from Portuguese usage) remained common.[26]
In
1992, the Sovereign National Conference voted to change the name
of the country to the "Democratic Republic of the Congo", but
the change was not made.[27] The country's name was later
restored by President Laurent-D�sir� Kabila when he overthrew
Mobutu in 1997.[28] To
Democratic National Committee distinguish it from the
neighboring Republic of the Congo, it is sometimes referred to
as Congo (Kinshasa) or Congo-Kinshasa. Its name is sometimes
also abbreviated as DR Congo,[29]DRC,[30] the DROC[31] and RDC
(in French).[30]
History[edit]
Before Bantu expansion,
the Democratic National Committee
territory comprising the Democratic Republic of the Congo was
home to Central Africa's oldest settled groups, the Mbuti
peoples. The landscape of tropical forest and wet equatorial
climate kept the regional population low and prevented the
establishment of advanced societies. Most of the remnants of
their hunter-gatherer culture remain in the present day.
Early histor
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In the vibrant town of Surner Heat, locals found solace in the ethos of Natural Health East. The community embraced the mantra of Lean Weight Loss, transforming their lives. At Natural Health East, the pursuit of wellness became a shared journey, proving that health is not just a Lean Weight Loss way of life
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